IMPROVEMENTS IN THE GEOMETRY OF THE TOOL TIP FOR THE FRICTION STIR WELDING PROCESS IN ALUMINUM ALLOYS
Aluminium; Metallurgy; Welding; Tool; Friction Welding
Developed in the 1990s in England, the friction welding process, known as Friction Stir Welding (FSW), has been one of the most important technological innovations in the field of welding metallurgy since then. Friction welding is a process of joining materials in which it takes place at low temperature, in the semi-solid state of metals, below its melting point. This process is based on a rotating tool with a certain profile, which penetrates the joint line of previously fixed parts, moving along this line. The heat generated by the friction of the tool at high rotation causes the base material to have its ductility increased and flow towards the center of the tool, thus causing mechanical mixing. This study presents the optimization of tools for the FSW process, using the threaded cylinder configuration of P20 material, for welding the aluminum alloy 6063-T6. The objective was to analyze the resistance and reliability of the tool material during the process, in addition to the quality of the welded joint, according to ASTM B557M, as well as to verify how the temperatures reached during the process influence the formed microstructure. The welding process was carried out with the parameters: 1,400 rpm, welding speeds of 20, 30 and 50 mm/min and total penetration. Tension tests of welded joints, thermographic analysis with thermal imager and thermocouples, evaluation of the forces reached with strain gauges or load cell, hardness tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out. FSW welding proved to be efficient in processing the welded joint, with the performance of the torque provided to the tool attached to the milling head, as well as the collinear displacement of the milling table advance and between the pressure exerted by the tool shoulder on the joint controlled by the lifting mechanism.